Economics

Do you have one of the three Economics IAs coming up and you need some inspiration on how to get started? Look no further, as Clastify is here to help support you through the writing process! In this guide, we will give you some key points to keep in mind when writing your Economics IA, based on our experience with IB. The guide below is just an example of how a good IA should be structured, however, keep in mind that many high-scoring IAs may also use other structures. For examples of some well-structured IAs, head to the <a href="/ia/economics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> website where you can read through multiple exemplar IAs!&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Economics IA Format and Structure</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;The guide will be broken up by section to help you better understand what is required in each part of the IA and will have examples linked (in green), as follows:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Cover page:</h3><ol><li>Include the title of the article used (as well as the link if it is an online source).</li><li>Include the data that the article was published.</li><li>Include the data that the commentary was written.</li><li>Add the word count of the commentary, which should not exceed 800 words.</li><li>Mention the unit of the syllabus to which the article relates (microeconomics, macroeconomics, global economy).</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64ad7eaae3b31a00131a04a2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example:</a> This IA is a good example of how to structure the cover page.</li></ol>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Article:</h3><ol><li>Include the full text from the article used.&nbsp;</li><li>The chosen article should preferably be around 1 page long.&nbsp;</li><li>If the article is longer than 1 page, you must highlight the relevant sections of the article that you want the examiner to read.</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64abe7c7f66fe2001384a2ae" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example:</a> The article chosen in this commentary is slightly longer than 1 page so the student has highlighted the relevant sections that they wish to be read.</li></ol>&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Main commentary:</h3><ol><li>Start with a statement of the contents of the article. What is the main economic topic that the article is focused on (eg: price ceilings in microeconomics, tariffs in macroeconomics, etc)?</li><li>Include information from the article that highlights the main economic topic (eg: what price level did the government set the price ceiling to, or what was the percentage change in the interest rates?).</li><li>Mention information from the article that includes why the company/government took these steps to make changes. Were the prices too high/demand too low, was inflation too high, was the currency being devalued, etc.?</li><li>Include a graph showing the state of the economy before the change was made (eg: what were supply and demand like before an increase in interest rates, quantity of imports and exports before and after changes in tariffs, etc.).</li><li>Include a detailed description of this graph. Make sure the graph has a title and the axes are correctly labelled. Draw arrows on the graph to show any changes in price and output. The graph should be produced electronically instead of being hand-drawn. Make sure the graph has a figure caption.</li><li>Next, describe how the change imposed by the form or government could affect market equilibrium. (eg: Is aggregate demand changed? What factors of aggregate demand are affected and how?)</li><li>Include a second graph showing the effects of the imposed policy on market equilibrium - how does the economy change from the conditions in the first graph? Draw arrows on the graph to show any changes in price and output. The graph should be produced electronically instead of being hand-drawn. Make sure the graph has a figure caption.</li><li>Finally, critically evaluate the imposed policy. Analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and consider how it affects different stakeholders in an economy (eg: expansionary fiscal policy improves the lives of common citizens by lowering taxes but reduces the funds available to the government).</li><li>Conclude the commentary in 3-4 sentences with a general overview of the key points discussed in the previous paragraphs.</li><li>Examples: <a href="/ia/economics/64abe7c7f66fe2001384a2ae" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example 1</a> and <a href="/ia/economics/64ad7eaae3b31a00131a04a2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Example 2</a> are good economics IAs that incorporate the above points into the commentaries.</li></ol>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope this guide helps guide you in properly formatting and structuring your Economics IA! If you want to read some exemplary IAs before you start writing, we've got you covered too! Simply head to the <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> website, where you will be able to find numerous <a href="/ia/economics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Economics</a> IA ideas and examples, so you can look for the ones that are the most relevant to your topic. Good luck!&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide on formatting and structuring an IB Economics Internal Assessment. Explore different approaches and use this as your roadmap throughout the IA writing process.

Economics IA Format and Structure

Have you got your economics IA deadline approaching soon and are unsure what to choose as your topic? Don't worry, this post is here to help you through that process! In this text, we will provide you with numerous economics IA ideas with examples to help you start the writing process. Our goal is to guide you in meeting the IB criteria and ensure you stay on track during the entire IA writing process. No matter what aspect of economics you are interested in, the suggestions below are sure to have something that is sure to satisfy you!&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Microeconomics IA Ideas</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ol><li><a href="/ia/economics/60309e60dfa68a00127f71f2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Taxes on cigarettes:</a> In this topic, you could look at the impact of consuming demerit goods such as cigarettes which are harmful to health, and also study why the government might tax these goods to discourage their consumption.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/5fec8e7fbf717eb68b5257a1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Impact of fossil fuel subsidies:</a> Through this topic, you could analyze the impact of the government giving subsidies to suppliers of fossil fuels, which negatively impact the environment when they are burned.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64abb4acf66fe20013847577" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carbon tax:</a> Within this analysis, you could look at the impact of carbon taxes on companies and industries that produce a lot of carbon emissions to see whether implementing a carbon tax helps reduce these emissions.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/62c7d115b6479f0013a50aaf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Childcare subsidies:</a> Looking at this topic, you could analyze the effect of government subsidies for childcare to offset the cost parents must undertake when looking for childcare.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/62cd46189636f50014730b6a" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Free public transport:</a> Through this topic, you could look at the environmental impacts of the government making all public transport free as it is a positive externality which reduces the use of vehicles and the burning of fossil fuels.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/63e26caae1386a00140068e4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Price ceiling:</a> Looking at this topic, you could explore the impacts of a price ceiling placed on commodities such as food, which can be useful in controlling the price of commodities when inflation is high.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/618b7091e45d510013e2e5bc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Subsidies for renewable energy:</a> In this analysis, you could look at the impacts of a government subsidy for renewable energy which is a positive externality as it prevents environmental pollution.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64b0c661b38ec100134bc790" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Increasing minimum wage:</a> Within this study, you could analyze the impacts of increasing workers' minimum wages, which is especially important for low-wage workers.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/622ca7d39a37d700138c33ba" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Privatization of commodities:</a> Through this topic, you could look at how a previously public-owned commodity can become privatized and the effects that privatization can have on those who use the commodity (such as public transport, healthcare, etc.).&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/65241838fb522601eb8f8b3a" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Taxes on unhealthy food and drink:</a> In this topic, you could explore the impacts of taxes imposed on unhealthy goods (such as sugary drinks, junk food, etc.).&nbsp;</li></ol>&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Macroeconomics IA Ideas</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ol><li><a href="/ia/economics/5fec8dd4bf717eb68b52579e" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Recession and unemployment:</a> In this topic, you could look at how an economic recession impacts the unemployment present in a country as workers struggle to find jobs, which can be measured by looking at the growth rate of the GDP.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/60309eb7dfa68a00127f71f4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interest rate cuts:</a> Through this topic, you could analyze how the economy responds to cuts in the interest rate, which are meant to boost the economy by increasing spending.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/61102aa870945c0013dd21fd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Expansionary fiscal policy:</a> Within this analysis, you could explore the effects of expansionary fiscal policy that is used to boost an economy by increasing aggregate demand.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64a82230701b5600139b515a" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Government spending and inflation:</a> Looking at this topic, you could analyze how high rates of government spending could cause the inflation rate to rise, which disadvantages the economy.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/5ffc5b46e3625ef390b7312b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fiscal policy and unemployment:</a> In this topic, you could investigate how using expansionary fiscal policy could lower the unemployment rate within a country.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/6300cbf78483960013c96f54" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Economic stimulus packages:</a> Within this analysis, you could explore how government intervention through an economic stimulus could boost economies affected by the impacts of COVID-19.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/5fcdd4c718fea65968845405" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">COVID and recession:</a> Through this topic, you could analyze whether the coronavirus caused economic recessions worldwide due to businesses being forced to shut down during quarantine.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64b017a3b38ec100134b72b2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">President boosting employment:</a> In this analysis, you could explore how the policies implemented by a President can boost employment within a country.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64be813750e28d001317341d" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Income inequality:</a> Looking at this topic, you could analyze the income disparity between different regions within a country and what implications that may have for the quality of life across the country.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/641a5c6925f9c500140ec433" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Recovery after COVID-19:</a> Through this topic, you can look at how increasing aggregate demand and expansionary fiscal policy helps a country recover after the COVID-19 pandemic.&nbsp;</li></ol>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">International Economics IA Ideas</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ol><li><a href="/ia/economics/5ff3490974e8fd1e7ae28a2b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">US tariffs on European exports:</a> In this topic, you could analyze the effects of the US imposing a tariff on European goods to protect the US economy from external competition due to unfair subsidies given to European producers by their governments.&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/622f47ee9a37d700138c3746" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Increasing import quotas:</a> Through this topic, you can explore how increasing the import quota boosts a country's exports and provides them with more revenue, while also improving the trade relationship between the two countries.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/6102bb7481ca760012706986" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dumping:</a> By looking at this topic, you can investigate the effects of dumping on foreign economies. Dumping is when goods are produced in one country and then sold in another country at a price that is below their cost of production, which negatively affects the country in which the dumped goods are sold.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64a6ef78701b5600139b4281" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Free trade agreements:</a> Within this topic, you could look at how free trade deals and agreements work between countries to reduce tariffs and increase quotas, which benefits the economies of all the countries involved.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/5fedb47a09a5c0bcfe46789f" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">US steel tariffs:</a> In this topic, you could explore the effects of the US importing steel tariffs on imports to protect the domestic steel industry which supplies many items to the economy and military, so the US does not want to depend on other countries for steel.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ia/economics/64c4c3a2d9afef0013e4aadc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Currency devaluation:</a> Through this analysis, you could determine the impacts of a government devaluing a currency to boost its foreign exchange reserves.</li></ol>&nbsp;&nbsp;For more IA ideas and a deeper insight into how to structure your IAs, head to the <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> website where you will be able to find numerous <a href="/search?q=micro" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">microeconomics</a>, <a href="/search?q=macro" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">macroeconomics</a>, and <a href="/search?q=international&amp;p=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">international economics</a> IA topics as well as exemplar IAs that you can refer to during your writing process!&nbsp;

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A comprehensive list of microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international economics IA internal assessment topic ideas along with explanations and examples. See what can be done and use this as inspiration for your own topic. 

Economics IA Topic Ideas + Examples

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A comprehensive guide to Economics IA criteria along with a checklist. Keep reading to improve your grade!

Economics IA Criteria and Checklist

If you're beginning to work on your Economics extended essay, this article is just for you! In the writing process, you must focus on meeting the assessment criteria. Clastify prepared a guide on this topic, keep reading to get to know our recommendations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Economics EE Criteria and Checklist</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Economics extended essay is graded for a total of 34 points, the assessment consists of the following criteria:&nbsp;<h3>Criterion A: Focus and method - 6 points&nbsp;</h3> The main aspects of this criterion are the topic, research question, and methodology. You should clearly state them at the beginning of your essay. The topic must be worthy of investigation not older than approximately 5 years old, and also not speculative about the future. You must clearly explain your methodology and thoroughly describe the methods of data collection. You can focus on just secondary sources or mix both primary and secondary research. Make sure that the chosen sources are reliable and that the findings are relevant in the context of your study.&nbsp; For a maximum of 6 points:<ul><li>The essay clearly establishes the topic and context, providing a framework within the theoretical area of economics.</li><li>It explains why the chosen topic is worthy of investigation, focusing on economic information, policies, outcomes, or events within a recent timeframe.</li><li>The research question is specific, focused, and capable of being effectively discussed within the word limit.</li><li>The essay includes a description of the methodology at the beginning, outlining the steps of research and data collection methods.</li><li>The chosen methodology ensures reliable and relevant data.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li></ul>See <a href="/ee/economics/64a98d95f66fe20013841c64" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this</a> to get a glimpse of the matter.<h3 style="text-align:justify;"> Criterion B: Knowledge and understanding - 6 points&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;You must establish the economic context and demonstrate your understanding of the topic. It can be done through applying relevant models based on real-world information. Remember to use specific terminology and include definitions. Use self-made diagrams to showcase the economic situation. They must be accurately drawn and labeled. Make sure that every piece of information, reference, model, etc. is relevant to answer the research question.&nbsp; For a maximum of 6 points:&nbsp;<ul><li>The EE demonstrates a strong understanding of relevant economic theory and its application to address the research question.</li><li>All data and economic theory used are directly relevant and appropriate to the research question, avoiding unnecessary or unrelated information.</li><li>The student showcases a clear understanding of economic theory by accurately applying relevant models and integrating specific real-world information.</li><li>Diagrams, if included, are accurately drawn, labeled, and placed appropriately within the essay, supported by relevant evidence to enhance understanding. &nbsp;</li></ul>Take a look at <a href="/ee/economics/64b2f6d63770b400128510a1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this example.&nbsp;</a> &nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL 
 </code></pre><h3 style="text-align:justify;"> Criterion C: Critical Thinking - 12 points&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;Critical thinking, worth the biggest portion of your grade, includes research, analysis, discussion, and evaluation. The analysis has a logical structure consisting of the researched data, its interpretation, and formulated arguments. Showcase your analytical skills, rather than making your essay overly descriptive, The evaluation and mini-conclusions relating to the research question should be present throughout the entire EE, not only at its end. The student is expected to discuss the limitations of the study.&nbsp; For a maximum of 12 points:&nbsp;<ul><li>The essay strictly adheres to the 5-year rule for the topic or research question, ensuring relevance and appropriateness.</li><li>The research into economic theory and information collected about the topic is directly relevant to the research question, avoiding unnecessary parts that detract from the analysis.</li><li>A clear and logical argument is presented, incorporating economic theory and real-world evidence to support the analysis.</li><li>All points in the analysis are backed by specific, relevant material chosen from the student's research, fostering a well-supported answer to the research question.</li><li>The essay is analytical rather than descriptive, demonstrating the student's ability to critically assess economic theory and its application to real-world scenarios.</li><li>There is a conclusion stating the answer to the research question and evaluating the entire investigation. &nbsp;</li></ul>Check out <a href="/ee/economics/64a98d95f66fe20013841c64" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this exemplar.</a><h3 style="text-align:justify;"> Criterion D: Presentation - 4 points</h3>&nbsp;What counts here is the structure and layout. Make sure that your essay contains all the crucial elements such as the title page or table of contents and that its structure is clear and facilitates comprehension. All sections and graphical elements should be appropriately labeled. Also, remember about proper referencing and bibliography.&nbsp; For a maximum of 4 points:&nbsp;<ul><li>The essay begins with a title page and a table of contents, adhering to standard formatting conventions.</li><li>The structure of the essay follows the expected conventions for the topic, ensuring clarity and coherence in the presentation of arguments.</li><li>Sections and subsections, if included, have informative headings that contribute to the overall organization of the essay without distracting from the main argument.</li><li>Graphs, figures, or tables are appropriately labeled with numbers and brief descriptions and maintain good graphical quality. &nbsp;</li></ul>See <a href="/ee/economics/6304c734774a290013d61559" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this EE</a> for reference.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;"> Criterion E: Engagement - 6 points&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;After each of the 3 reflection sessions with your supervisor, you must submit a 150-175 word reflection. Based on the RPPF form the examiner will evaluate your research focus, planning, and process. Describe your initial thoughts regarding your extended essay, for instance why you chose this topic and how will you investigate it. In the second reflection, you could discuss how the writing process influenced your perspective or what changes have you made in your approach. Finally, evaluate your entire study.&nbsp; For a maximum of 6 points:&nbsp;<ul><li>The RPPF form demonstrates one's growth and engagement in the writing process.&nbsp;</li><li>The student lists skills that he developed while writing the extended essay.&nbsp;</li><li>Challenges encountered in the process are described along with the actions undertaken to overcome them.&nbsp;</li><li>There is evidence of the personal significance of the work.&nbsp;</li></ul> That's it! You are now one step closer to writing a perfect Economics Extended Essay. If you would like to further improve your chances of scoring high, consider submitting your work for <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Review.</a> It's a 100% safe way to receive constructive feedback.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide to Economics extended essay assessment criteria along with a checklist. Check it out to improve your IB coursework!

Economics EE Criteria and Checklist

<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;">Economics IA word count and page limit&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></h2>&nbsp;Are you in the process of writing your Economics IA and you’re not sure how to structure it? How many words to devote to specific parts to get the best grade? Clastify comes to the rescue! Based on our experience and thousands of revised essays, we would like to present a structure that works best for written assessment in Economics. Read this text to clear your doubts and increase your chance of scoring a 7!<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;When it comes to the structure, Economics IA consist of 3 separate commentaries of news articles, each based on a different unit of the syllabus: Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, and The global economy. There is no page limit, however each commentary cannot exceed 800 words.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;<h3 class="MsoNormal">Introduction&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></h3>You should start your commentary with an introduction under 100 words, as presented in this <a href="/ia/economics/6546d105888c030f5bc64643" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">exemplar.</a> The first paragraph should include a brief presentation of the situation described in the article. You should also identify the key concept to which it refers: scarcity, choice, efficiency, equity, economic well-being, sustainability, change, interdependence, or intervention.<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Diagrams&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></h3>Next, the analyzed situation should be illustrated with the use of diagrams. The diagrams are not included in the word count (if labeled properly), whereas their explanation should take up to 200 words.&nbsp;In this part, you should describe all elements of the diagram and refer to them while explaining the shifts of the curves. It is also important to determine their impact on the stakeholders. Considering the limited word count, we suggest using 2 diagrams.&nbsp;You can see this part well-executed in <a href="/ia/economics/64a95780701b5600139b5965" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this work</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<pre class="MsoNormal"><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Analysis<o:p></o:p></h3>In the analysis of around 150 words, you should refer to the economic theory taught in the IB course to further explain the situation, as done in <a href="/ia/economics/64abe7c7f66fe2001384a2ae" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this IA</a>. Do not ignore the additional factors presented in the article, if this case is not strictly per the theory, explain how the circumstances contribute to the economic turnout.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Evaluation&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></h3>Evaluation is a crucial part of your work, therefore we suggest that you devote around 300 words to this section. After having presented the situation from the article you should propose a solution. In this part, you showcase your understanding of economic phenomena and the limitations of their countermeasures. For proper evaluation consider possible pros and cons, as presented in this <a href="/ia/economics/64bbd15b50e28d00131698b5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">exemplar</a>, but you could also take into account the short and long-term effects of the proposed solution. End your commentary with a short conclusion, do not add any new information to this final paragraph.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;Remember that the suggested word distribution between the sections is approximate. However, we advise you to stick to the proposed ratio as this structure is common within the high-scoring exemplars. It ensures devoting appropriate attention to each of the sections, which is important considering that the commentary cannot exceed 800 words. <a href="/ia/economics/64abe7c7f66fe2001384a2ae" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Here</a> you can find a highly-scored Clastify exemplar with a similar structure.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;Be careful, make sure to deduct the following because they are not included in the word count.:&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p><ol><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Acknowledgments</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Contents page</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Diagrams&nbsp;</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Labels — of five words or fewer&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Headings on diagrams — of 10 words or fewer&nbsp;<o:p></o:p>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Tables of statistical data</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Equations, formulae and calculations&nbsp;</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">Citations (which, if used, must be in the body of the commentary)&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;text-indent:-18.0pt;">References (which, if used, must be in the footnotes/endnotes)&nbsp;<o:p></o:p> &nbsp;</li></ol>For more tips regarding IAs from Economics and other subjects check out the remaining publications on the <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify blog</a>. Also, do not forget about the exemplars available on our <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">website.</a> Good luck with your written assessments!<o:p></o:p>

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Short guide to Economics IA word count and structure. Check out our recommendations and improve your work!

Economics IA word count and page limit 

Is it finally time to start working on your Economics extended essay? Clastify is here to support you in the process! Below you'll find linked exemplars and tips for each section of your EE, that are based on our extensive experience with IB coursework. While we recommend this structure based on our successful history of helping students receive top ratings for their essays, feel free to customize the guide below according to your own preferences. &nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Economics EE format and structure</h2> The extended essay is a 4,000 words investigation that should consist of the following parts:&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;"> Title page and table of contents</h3><ol><li>On the title page, you will include the topic of your investigation, the research question, the subject, and the word count.&nbsp;</li><li>The next page should be the table of contents with all subsections of your essay along with the page numbering.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li></ol><h3 style="text-align:justify;">Introduction&nbsp;</h3><ol><li>Provide a comprehensive introduction to the topic you chose for your extended essay.</li><li>State the aim of the investigation.&nbsp;</li><li>Identify the problem and state how it relates to the theoretical concepts of Economics (for instance market structure, economic growth, unemployment, etc.)</li><li>Provide definitions of the different economic phenomena associated with the topic. You can also support your explanations with the use of diagrams.&nbsp;</li><li>Include in-text citations to establish the real-life context of the investigated economic situation. &nbsp;</li></ol>&nbsp;See<a href="/ee/economics/6304c734774a290013d61559" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> this EE</a> to get a glimpse of the matter.&nbsp;<h3 style="margin-left:0px;"> Research question&nbsp;</h3><ol><li>State a focused research question, <a href="/ee/economics/64a98d95f66fe20013841c64" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">such as</a>: To what extent was the provision of COVID-19 vaccines by the Government of Malaysia through the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (NCIP) effective in recovering the GDP and reducing the unemployment rate in Malaysia?</li><li>Specify the economic concept that is subject to your study and provide details such as mentioning a specific economic policy, country and time period under investigation (remember about the five-year rule!)</li></ol> &nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL </code></pre><h3 style="text-align:justify;"> Methodology&nbsp;</h3><ol><li>You can base your investigation on primary data, secondary data, or a mixture of both.&nbsp;</li><li>The primary research, usually in the form of interviews or surveys, must be designed properly to help answer the research question.&nbsp;</li><li>Select secondary sources meticulously, ensuring their reliability and relevance to the investigation's context.</li><li>Introduce calculations and conduct statistical tests, for instance, determine the price elasticity of demand and the strength of correlation within the collected data.&nbsp;</li><li>Prioritize the incorporation of methodologies that effectively support the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered as introducing irrelevant information can lead to a deduction of points.</li><li>Demonstrate a clear understanding of how the selected sources and methodologies will enhance the investigation's overall validity. Justify your choices.&nbsp;</li></ol> Check out <a href="/ee/economics/64b2f6d63770b400128510a1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this methodology.</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Analysis</h3><ol><li>This is the crucial part of your essay in which you will determine the answer to the research question. Start by including tables of collected data.&nbsp;</li><li>Utilize different forms of graphical representation such as graphs, diagrams and pie charts. Remember to label and describe them appropriately - use labeling to explain the changes/movements of the curves etc. and highlight the impact on different stakeholders.&nbsp;</li><li>When processing data, include the formulas and sample calculations. Explain the meaning and relevance of the obtained results.&nbsp;</li><li>In the analysis look for trends within the data and interpret them relating to the economic theory or other observed factors. Also, you should look for any anomalies and try to explain the reasons for their occurrence.&nbsp;</li><li>Form mini-conclusions relating to the research question throughout the entire main body.&nbsp;</li><li>If applicable, evaluate different solutions to the investigated issue taking into account several factors such as the overall effectiveness, the influence on stakeholders but also the time and cost of implementation.&nbsp;</li><li>Again, if possible, include the in-text citations.&nbsp;</li></ol>&nbsp;<a href="/ee/economics/62d3cadeefe3ca0013f9a5c2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">This analysis</a> is worth taking a look at.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Conclusion and evaluation</h3><ol><li>Re-state the aim of the essay to refresh the reader's memory.&nbsp;</li><li>Provide a statement about the extent to which the research topic has been analyzed.</li><li>Briefly summarize the findings from each tool used in the analysis.&nbsp;</li><li>Clearly state the answer to the research question. Do not introduce any new data to this section.&nbsp;</li><li>Suggest the solutions for the economic situation studied.&nbsp;</li><li>Discuss the limitations of both data sources and tools used in the investigation.&nbsp;</li><li>Show awareness of possible factors that could have influenced the results such as personal bias, formulation of the questions in the survey, etc.&nbsp;</li><li>State the strengths and weaknesses of your extended essay and propose how to possibly improve and extend your study.&nbsp;</li></ol> You can use <a href="/ee/economics/62d173f18af69200139b4730" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this exemplar</a> for reference.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Bibliography and appendices&nbsp;</h3><ol><li>These parts are not included in the word count.&nbsp;</li><li>In the bibliography, you should make a detailed list of all sources used in your investigation in alphabetical order. Decide on one style of referencing.&nbsp;</li><li>The appendices will serve as a place for additional tables of data etc. however these can't be the crucial information for your EE.&nbsp;</li></ol> We are hoping that you found this guide useful! For more references head to the <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> website and check out the remaining <a href="/ee/economics">Economics exemplars.</a> For further guidance check out our post about the EE assessment criteria <a href="/blog/economics-ee-criteria-and-checklist" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here.&nbsp;</a> &nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide on Economics extended essay format and structure. Check the tips for Economics EE and improve your extended essay

Economics EE Format and Structure 

Your Economics EE deadline is approaching and you don’t know what to choose as your essay’s topic? Don’t worry, Clastify is here to help! We prepared a list of topic ideas and examples for you to get inspired. We are hoping that you will find our suggestions helpful in the writing process.&nbsp; &nbsp;<h2 style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-align:center;" dir="ltr">Economics EE ideas&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2><ol><li><a href="/ee/economics/64a98d95f66fe20013841c64&nbsp;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Provision of COVID-19 vaccines: </a>The COVID-19 pandemic lea the government to initiate the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme. The aim was to swiftly vaccinate the majority of Malaysians to save lives, boost the economy, and lower virus transmission risks. The effectiveness of the vaccine provision, analyzed in this study will help gauge its impact on Malaysia's GDP and unemployment rate, guiding future decisions on vaccination strategies during outbreaks. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/64d257265cfe90001277be3a " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Steel cap policy:</a> Within this analysis, you could look at the impact of one country’s policy on global prices of ore iron and how it affected the export quantity of a different country. The market for iron ore is dominated by a few key players. Brazil, the second-largest producer, relies on vast reserves to export significant quantities of iron ore, while China's role as both the largest importer of iron ore and the largest steel producer significantly influences market dynamics. Recent policies in China, such as capping steel output due to environmental concerns, are expected to impact iron ore prices and global economic trends, prompting an analysis of the relationship between Chinese steel production and Brazilian iron ore exports. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/62d3cadeefe3ca0013f9a5c2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Trade war:</a> Through this topic, you could explore how the imposition of import tariffs influenced the export performance of a chosen country.&nbsp;The US - China trade war resulted in bilateral tariffs exceeding billions of dollars, disrupting global trade flows. Both countries suffered economic repercussions, leading to potential opportunities for other nations like Pakistan. China's retaliatory tariffs on American seafood imports led to a decline in U.S. seafood exports to China, creating a gap in supply that Pakistan, a major seafood producer, could potentially fill. &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/62e26b9cf3cb8f0013903a9c " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Government policies on cigarette consumption:</a> Within this topic, you could evaluate the effectiveness and impact on stakeholders of different policies aimed at reducing the negative externalities of smoking. The Slovak government and the European Union share a goal to reduce cigarette consumption to 5% by 2040. Hypothesizing that Slovakia's policies may not effectively reduce cigarette consumption due to the addictive nature of smoking, this research evaluated the long-term effects of government interventions on tobacco consumption habits. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/62e4ca921459fa0013b21140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Market structure: </a>For your EE you could analyse a chosen market to determine its structure taking into account its size, prices, number of firms, product differentiation etc.&nbsp;Ice cream parlors have become prominent in Bratislava, which suggests a growing role for ice cream businesses in urban economy, prompting questions about customer preferences, competition, and market structure. Investigating these dynamics in the Old Town's seasonal ice cream market offers insights into consumer behavior and business strategies amidst limited operating windows and intense competition. &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/63350678d77add00134d7cf1 " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Microcredits</a>: Microcrediting, pioneered by Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, aims to uplift impoverished individuals by providing small, accessible loans. While traditionally seen as a tool for women's economic empowerment, the effectiveness of microcredits in fostering growth and development, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, is questioned. This research seeks to evaluate the impact of microcredits on women's empowerment and economic development in Dhaka, Bangladesh, before and after the pandemic, offering insights into its role in supporting vulnerable communities in times of crisis and framing developmental strategies for the post-pandemic world. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/63460b7a153d09001469c9d3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Digital modes of payment:</a> If you chose this topic, you could elaborate on to what extent the digital modes of payment substituted cash and what were the spillover effects observed in the chosen country.&nbsp;In case of India, the government advocates to embrace digital payments to remain competitive globally. However, the transition to digital transactions will be a gradual process, with challenges such as acceptance in all markets, particularly rural areas lacking infrastructure. While digitization may lead to lower corruption and economic growth, the shift from cash to digital payments prompts a need to explore the extent and implications of this transformation on India's economy. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/5f802ee7356a187b1bb87a4d">Parental benefit policy</a>: In this analysis, you could look at the effects of introducing parental benefits policy on the standard of living taking into account different factors such as the life expectancy or education index.&nbsp;The Polish "500+" program, providing financial aid to all children without conditions, has garnered public attention and parallels with Universal Basic Income. This topic is significant due to its relevance to modern issues like the aging population, as highlighted by the World Health Organization's projections. Despite its short history and limited research, the "500+" program warrants study as a pioneering family policy instrument with potential implications for broader welfare policies &nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">
 CAROUSEL
 </code></pre> &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/6185f54aa296080013457e65 " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tax on fat: </a>The fatty food market represents a market failure caused by externalities, asymmetric information and cognitive failure. The author proposes introducing a tax to decrease fatty food consumption. Through this topic, you could analyse how the imposition of such a tax would reduce the healthcare costs of a chosen country and evaluate its impact on different stakeholders.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/6180ec35a296080013457651" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">E-commerce turning point:</a> Looking at this topic, you could discuss how COVID-19 led to a digital transformation resulting in an e-commerce turning point. The competitive landscape in this market has intensified as consumers increasingly prefer the convenience of online shopping over traditional retail experiences. You could support the analysis of a country’s economy with a case study of an e-commerce firm, this extended essay investigated the theoretical and empirical view on the growth of Amazon. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/6307190da315bb0013dc69ea&nbsp;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Direct taxes</a>: In this analysis, you could determine whether direct taxes are the best way to address the over-consumption of demerit goods and propose complementary policies. This EE investigated the intervention on the sugary drink market taking into consideration the regressive effect on the poor, price elasticity of demand, and effect of asymmetric information. Alternative policies such as the use of legislation, negative ads, and nudges were also considered.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/64d90b136444cd0013a81676 " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Russian invasion of Ukraine:</a> &nbsp;Ukraine's invasion by Russia in February 2022 disrupted its grain production and export, causing global grain prices to soar and leading to higher inflation rates worldwide. Farmers in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, a major wheat and rapeseed producer, were expected to benefit from these events. The research focused on assessing the impact on global agriculture, analyzing economic theories, and gathering insights from interviews with Brandon farmers. This comprehensive approach aimed to understand how supply-side shocks affected grain and oilseed markets and how farmers responded to changes in operating costs and market conditions. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/64a6ce35701b5600139b4128" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nudges: </a>In this topic from behavioral economics you could assess the effectiveness of gently altering individuals' behavior and compare it to other possible policies.&nbsp;By observing the impact of nudges on student participation at School X, the author determined their effectiveness in promoting engagement and how this may benefit the UK economy by fostering skilled individuals and improving academic outcomes. This investigation seeks to understand whether nudges in a school environment can replicate the success seen in other contexts and contribute to broader economic growth trends, such as increased academic achievement rates. &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/64b2f6d63770b400128510a1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Productivity:</a> By deciding on this topic, you could analyze how different factors such as savings influence workers' productivity.&nbsp;The COVID-19 lockdowns saw reports of increased worker productivity, particularly among high-income teleworkers, prompting a closer examination of the neglected home-based garment workers who are often trapped in poverty cycles due to low savings. Investigating the impact of savings on the productivity of home-based garment workers in South Delhi is essential for understanding their economic dynamics and informing policies to support this vulnerable segment of the informal labor force. &nbsp;</li><li><a href="/ee/economics/62e382e4389adc00143c64e7" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Seasonality:</a> Through this topi,c you could examine the effect of seasonality on a chosen market, its prices and the quantity of products or services sold. Many buyers and sellers face the challenge of determining the optimal timing for transactions to align with their needs and preferences. Seasonality, characterized by fluctuations in market activity at specific times of the year, is a common phenomenon in many real estate markets but may not be universally applicable. Investigating the extent of seasonality in Riga's real estate market is crucial for prospective buyers and sellers to anticipate price fluctuations and make informed investment decisions.</li></ol> For more extended essay ideas head to the Clastify website where you will find the remaining <a href="/ee/economics">economics exemplars</a> that you can refer to in your writing process! Also, check out our <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Review service</a> for constructive feedback on your IB coursework. &nbsp; &nbsp;

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A list of economics extended essay ideas along with examples. Check out for inspiration with your IB coursework. 

Economics EE Topic Ideas + Examples 

Economics IA articles are a crucial part of the IB Economics Internal Assessment. In this post, we'll break down everything you need to know about these articles, equipping you with the knowledge to excel in your Economics IA.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Economics IA Articles</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>What are Economics IA Articles?</h3>&nbsp;Articles are a key component of the IB Economics Internal Assessment, as they essentially are the subject of the IA. For the Economics IA, students are required to produce three commentaries, each centered around a selected article. In each commentary, the student presents the article at the beginning, and then uses economic theories and graphs to analyze and evaluate the content, demonstrating their understanding of the topic.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>How do I choose my IA Articles?</h3>&nbsp;The easiest way to find articles for your IA is by conducting an online search. We recommend to search up key word or phrases that relate to the topic you would like to explore. When selecting articles, ensure they are connected to the <a href="/blog/ib-economics-key-concepts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IB Economics Key Concepts</a>, as each commentary must be linked to one of these concepts—scarcity, choice, efficiency, equity, economic well-being, sustainability, change, interdependence, and intervention. Furthermore, each commentary must relate to a different syllabus area (macroeconomics, microeconomics, international economics, global economics).&nbsp;&nbsp;It is important to remember that each article must be from a different source and must have been <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:justify;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:pre-wrap;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">published no earlier than one year before the writing of the commentary.&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>How long can the Articles be?</h3>&nbsp;The IBO does not specify the required length of the Articles students can use. We however advise you to choose articles of such length that allows for deep analysis that fits within the 800–word limit. If you however come across a lengthy article that seems promising for a strong commentary, you can always simply highlight the relevant fragments on which you wish to base your commentary.&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>What types of Articles can I use?</h3>&nbsp;Most articles found online can be used for your IA, provided they allow for economic analysis and can be connected to an IB Economics Key Concept and an area from the syllabus. However, students are strongly advised to avoid basing their commentaries on blog posts, social media content, advertisements, and governmental reports.&nbsp;It is also important to mention that your commentary does not have to be based solely on articles that are explicitly economic in nature. If you come across an article that, while not primarily economic, offers the potential for insightful economic analysis, don't hesitate to use it.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide to Economics IA Articles. Learn about what Economics IA Articles are, what types of articles can be used, how to choose them, and their required length.

Economics IA Articles 

Choosing the right articles for your Economics Internal Assessment (IA) is one of the most crucial steps in crafting a high-quality commentary. The articles you select will serve as the foundation of your analysis, so it’s important to ensure they align with IB requirements, and have the potential for insightful economic analysis. In this post, we’ll guide you through the process of selecting the perfect articles for your IA.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">How to choose an Economics IA article</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Before we dive into the guide for choosing IB Economics articles, we would like to provide you with a quick summary of what these articles actually are. Articles are a key component of the IB Economics Internal Assessment, as they essentially are the subject of the IA. For the Economics IA, students are required to produce three commentaries, each centered around a selected article. In each commentary, the student presents the article at the beginning, and then uses economic theories and graphs to analyze and evaluate the content, demonstrating their understanding of the topic.&nbsp;&nbsp;We shall now move on to the guide on how to choose IB Economics IA articles.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Start with your interests&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;Choosing IA articles becomes much easier when you focus on topics that genuinely interest you. When you're passionate or curious about a subject, your analysis naturally becomes more thoughtful and engaging. If you choose articles that revolve around topics that genuinely interest you, you will find it much easier to later write your analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Align your articles with the IB requirements</h3>&nbsp;Remember however that each of your three commentaries must connect to one of the IB Economics Key Concepts: scarcity, choice, efficiency, equity, economic well-being, sustainability, change, interdependence, or intervention. When evaluating potential articles, ensure that the topic clearly links to one of these concepts. For example, an article about rising healthcare costs might relate to equity and economic well-being, while one on trade disputes could tie to interdependence and change. Also, make sure that the articles you choose allow for the use of the economic theories and models you learned about throughout the course.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Cover different syllabus areas</h3>&nbsp;The IB requires each commentary to address a different syllabus area: microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics, and global economics. Therefore, ensure that the articles you select align with these areas. For instance, a microeconomics article might focus on government-imposed price controls in housing, while a macroeconomics piece could explore a country’s recent GDP growth and unemployment trends. An international economics article might discuss the impact of currency fluctuations on trade, and a global economics piece could examine how climate change policies affect international markets.&nbsp;&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre><h3>&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;<h3>Use various, reliable sources</h3>&nbsp;Each article must come from a different source, so choose reputable publications like The Economist, Financial Times, BBC News, or other trusted outlets. Avoid unreliable sources such as personal blogs, social media posts, or advertisements.&nbsp;&nbsp;Also, remember that your articles must be recent. They must be published within one year of the date you write your commentary.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Select articles that allow for focused analysis</h3>&nbsp;Keep in mind that relevance and depth matter more than length. Shorter articles are often a good choice because they make it easier to stay within the 800-word limit. If you find a longer article with a lot of potential, focus on one specific section.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide to choosing IB Economics IA Articles.

How to choose an Economics IA article

Economics explores how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices about resource allocation. Students study microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international economics, developing analytical skills to understand economic theories and real-world applications.

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Economics IA Articles

How to choose an Economics IA article

Economics IA Format and Structure

Economics IA Topic Ideas + Examples

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Economics IA word count and page limit

Economics EE Format and Structure

Economics EE Topic Ideas + Examples

Economics IA Articles

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